Wheelchair Ramp Design and Construction

A wheelchair ramp can be an important device to assist a loved one live more independently at home. However, if they aren't designed correctly they could be dangerous to use.

ADA regulations require landings to be level at every change in direction, to avoid compound slopes. They must also have an accessible surface for wheelchair users.

Design

The ramp design must meet the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) standards to ensure that wheelchairs can effortlessly navigate the structure. For instance, the ramp's slope must not exceed a ratio of 1:12 and must have landings that are level at any direction change or shift in the ramp's surface. It should also be constructed from treated lumber which is more durable than untreated lumber and can weather precipitation better.

The sides and top of the ramp need to be clear of obstacles like bushes, trees or other structures that can interfere with the safe passage of the ramp's user. Additionally, the surface of the ramp must be smooth and non-slip. Some municipalities require the use of an anti-slip running surface on the entire length of the ramp.

For the ramp frame, use treated lumber that is at least four inches wide. To secure the ramp, build posts that are at least 8 feet apart and extend beyond the level of the ground. Spindles should be used to join the posts with the ramp's railings. This type of connection decreases the possibility of a ramp user falling off the side.

Then, you can build the frame of the ramp with beams of 2 by 4 inches in length and joists at least 16 inch long. Make sure that the joists are a minimum of 18 inches above ground level and that they're secured with joist hangers, which are nails that grip the inside of the joists and stop them from sliding out of place. Attach the ramp decking with a framing nailer.

Install an upper landing close to the doorway to enable wheelchair users to control the doorswing without difficulty. The landing should be 12 to 24 inches on the handle side of out-swinging doors. For in-swing doors the landing should be at least 58 by 60 inches to allow for the threshold of the door and a person in wheelchair ramp folding who must walk backwards through the doorway.

Install a level landing when you change the direction of the ramp, to avoid wheelchairs from having their brakes on corners. A level landing makes it simpler to remove a ramp of the way if required, so that equipment like lawnmowers can move under it.

Materials

The material used to construct a wheelchair ramp can be wood, concrete or aluminum. A professional ramp installation company can assist you in deciding which one is suitable for your home or business. It is essential to take into consideration your specific needs and budget when choosing the materials for the ramp. The ramp should be easy to maintain and safe to use. Some cities require that the ramp be laid out with a non-slip, non-slip surface.

Make sure to inquire with your local government for permits before you begin building or buying any materials. Also, be sure to adhere to all local building codes. Using the wrong materials or construction methods could result in hazardous conditions for wheelchair ramp with rails users. You can find the most current construction regulations in your local building department or library, or on the internet.

Wood ramps are often the least expensive option for ADA ramp materials. However they need more maintenance. Wood ramps must be regularly treated with a sealer in order to stop rot. Wood can split, which can be especially hazardous for wheelchair users. Wood ramps may require additional support to ensure that the structure is upright and stable.

Concrete ramps are extremely durable and long-lasting However, they can be expensive. They are also heavy, which means more labor to install and can make moving the ramp when it's no longer needed difficult. Concrete ramps are able to withstand the weight of large power wheelchairs.

Aluminum ramps weigh less than concrete or steel however they offer the same strength and corrosion resistance. They are also cheaper than steel and iron, making them an excellent option for those with a tight budget. Aluminum is environmentally friendly because it is found in the earth's crust naturally, and can be recycled.

The ramp's upper landing must be at a level level or within 3/8 inches of the threshold of the door in order for wheelchairs with smaller wheels to go across the ramp without getting stuck. Ramps that have a gap higher than this conform to ADA standards. It is also important to make sure that the ramp transitions smoothly between the landing area and the ground. The ramp's last section should have a beveled edge to ensure that wheelchairs don't stop abruptly when they leave or enter a home.

Installation

A ramp for wheelchairs is an inclined plane that is used as an addition or instead of steps. It allows wheelchair users, and those who use strollers or carts to access areas that would otherwise be difficult to access.

There are a variety of factors to consider when selecting a ramp for wheelchairs that should be considered, including the location, height and cost. Ideally, a ramp should be situated as close to the door as possible to avoid unnecessary travel. It should also be positioned at an angle that is easy to use by the person who is using it. It should also be properly secured to the ground and clear of obstructions like shrubbery or parked cars.

ADA regulations stipulate that ramps must have handrails either side. The rails should be at least 36" apart and have an even or smooth gripping surface. Additionally, they should be connected to the ramp and extend at least 12 inches over the edge of the ramp. Handrails must be continuous when a ramp is designed with switchbacks or an L-shaped layout.

The length of a ramp varies on the incline, however there are a few common ramp types that can be used in all situations. A threshold ramp, for example is placed flush against the lip of the curb or the threshold of the doorway. portable wheelchair ramps for homes ramps, however are able to be moved to another location and come in different sizes. There are also aluminum ramps that are modular that can be assembled on site. These ramps are commonly employed in public or commercial areas, and tend to be longer.

If you're thinking of a permanent ramp, be sure you check with your city's building department to see if you need a permit. Also, you should consult an expert in mobility about the kind of ramp that will work best for your space and needs. In some cases the installation of permanent ramps can increase the value of your house.

Maintenance

It is crucial to maintain your wheelchair ramp particularly if it is going to be used often. It is essential to conduct regular inspections and deal with any structural issues as they occur. This will ensure that the ramp complies all ADA requirements and is safe for the users.

Wooden ramps require frequent cleaning to remove debris and dirt that can obstruct access. Cleaning the ramp regularly will also prevent moisture from accumulating beneath the surface and causing the onset of rot. Preservatives and stains for wood only work only if the ramp is cleaned prior to applying.

Wheelchair ramps are more difficult to maintain than other ramps because they are more susceptible to wear and tear. It is crucial to have the proper tools. To make sure that all fixings are secure and tight you'll require a good set of screwdrivers and gauge spanners. It is also important to regularly check the handrails to ensure they are in good working order and do not show signs of corrosion or damage. With time and repeated use, it's possible for some of the fittings or bolts that hold on the handrails to come loose. This can pose an issue for anyone who is using the ramp.

Another crucial aspect is to ensure that the ramp's surface has sufficient grip, particularly in winter, when conditions can be challenging. You'll need to clean up any dirt, leaves or other debris that could obstruct and cause slippage. It is also recommended to apply an ice melt that is non-corrosive on the ramp surface to prevent injuries and slipping.

If you're planning on using your ramp all winter months, you should consider purchasing traction wheels or "snow tires" for your adjustable wheelchair ramp. These are specifically designed to offer better tracking on uneven and snowy surfaces which is why they'll be more effective than standard wheelchair tires in keeping you on the ramp. Alternately, you can put heating pads or tape on the ramp surface to help melt ice and snow before it gets accumulated.